Terrain
Except for true canyons, the State of Paraná has every other type of terrain, showing a more or less harmonious succession of plateaus each with its own peculiarities. The differences are more of a topographical climatic or geological nature. Travelling from east to west, there rise the majestic peaks of the “Serra do Mar”, covered by a luxuriant and still well-preserved sub- tropical flora, typical of the southern states. The highest peaks are the “Paraná”, which, rising 1962 meters (approx. 6.400 feet) above sea-level, is the highest point not only of the state but of Brazil’s entire southern region. Then there is the legendary “Marumbi”, over 6 thousand feet high. The Curitiba plateau, with an altitude that varies from 850 to 950 meters (2.800 to 3.l00 feet) starts on the western slopes of the Serra do Mar and stretches as far as the São Luis do Purunã Mountains. These mountains mark the beginning of the second plateau, which is that of Ponta Grossa, also known as the “Campos Gerais” region. On the eastem rim of thls plateau, wind and rain have carved out the famous sandstone formations of Vila Velha, geological relics of a distant past of the Parand countryside. The average altitude of this plateau is 1.188 meters (3.900 feet), dropping to 484 meters (l600 feet) at its westernmost end, on the banks of the Ivaí River. The western part of the state, comprising about two thirds of its total territory, constitutes the third plateau, that of Guarapuava, which extends as far as the Paraná River where the average altitude is a mere 170 meters (550 feet). This entire plateau is cut by great rivers - the Ivaí, the Piquiri and the Iguaçu, all with majestic waterfalls. Of these, by far the biggest and the most impressive are the Iguaçu Falls. Of the once breathtaking Sete Quedas Falls on the Paraná River, with 19 individualfalls and a total drop of 115 meters (385 feet) and which are now forerver buried under the waters of the Itaipu reservoir, there remain only the static or fleeting images captured and preserved by cinevideophotography. Through these, future generations will be able to calculate the enormous price paid in natural beauties, to satisfy the demands for an ever higher supply of electric energy.